Here are 50 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on Biology, suitable for competitive exams:
1. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
- A) Nucleus
- B) Ribosome
- C) Mitochondria
- D) Golgi Apparatus
- Answer: C) Mitochondria
2. What is the basic unit of life?
- A) Tissue
- B) Organ
- C) Cell
- D) System
- Answer: C) Cell
3. Which of the following is not a part of the cell theory?
- A) All living things are composed of cells.
- B) All cells come from pre-existing cells.
- C) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
- D) Cells can arise spontaneously from non-living matter.
- Answer: D) Cells can arise spontaneously from non-living matter.
4. In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur?
- A) Mitochondria
- B) Nucleus
- C) Cytoplasm
- D) Ribosome
- Answer: C) Cytoplasm
5. What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?
- A) Energy production
- B) Protein synthesis
- C) Genetic material storage
- D) Waste removal
- Answer: B) Protein synthesis
6. Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
- A) mRNA
- B) tRNA
- C) rRNA
- D) sRNA
- Answer: B) tRNA
7. What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
- A) DNA replication
- B) Energy production
- C) Selective permeability
- D) Protein synthesis
- Answer: C) Selective permeability
8. Which process is responsible for cell division in somatic cells?
- A) Meiosis
- B) Mitosis
- C) Binary fission
- D) Budding
- Answer: B) Mitosis
9. What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?
- A) Storage of nutrients
- B) Digestion of waste materials
- C) Protein synthesis
- D) Photosynthesis
- Answer: B) Digestion of waste materials
10. Which type of cell contains a cell wall?
- A) Animal cell
- B) Bacterial cell
- C) Red blood cell
- D) All of the above
- Answer: B) Bacterial cell
11. What is the role of chlorophyll in plants?
- A) Water absorption
- B) Photosynthesis
- C) Nutrient transport
- D) Growth
- Answer: B) Photosynthesis
12. Which organelle is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins?
- A) Endoplasmic Reticulum
- B) Golgi Apparatus
- C) Mitochondria
- D) Lysosome
- Answer: B) Golgi Apparatus
13. In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up at the cell's equator?
- A) Prophase
- B) Metaphase
- C) Anaphase
- D) Telophase
- Answer: B) Metaphase
14. Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?
- A) Carbohydrates
- B) Lipids
- C) Proteins
- D) Nucleic Acids
- Answer: D) Nucleic Acids
15. What is the primary function of the xylem in plants?
- A) Transport of nutrients
- B) Transport of water and minerals
- C) Photosynthesis
- D) Support
- Answer: B) Transport of water and minerals
16. Which process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
- A) Diffusion
- B) Osmosis
- C) Active Transport
- D) Endocytosis
- Answer: B) Osmosis
17. What is the name of the process by which a cell divides to produce gametes?
- A) Mitosis
- B) Meiosis
- C) Binary fission
- D) Budding
- Answer: B) Meiosis
18. Which of the following is a prokaryotic cell?
- A) Plant cell
- B) Animal cell
- C) Bacterial cell
- D) Fungal cell
- Answer: C) Bacterial cell
19. In which organelle does cellular respiration primarily occur?
- A) Nucleus
- B) Mitochondria
- C) Chloroplast
- D) Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Answer: B) Mitochondria
20. What is the term for a genetic variation caused by a change in the DNA sequence?
- A) Mutation
- B) Meiosis
- C) Recombination
- D) Transcription
- Answer: A) Mutation
21. Which macromolecule is composed of amino acids?
- A) Carbohydrates
- B) Proteins
- C) Nucleic Acids
- D) Lipids
- Answer: B) Proteins
22. What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
- A) Protein synthesis
- B) Lipid synthesis
- C) DNA replication
- D) Cellular respiration
- Answer: B) Lipid synthesis
23. Which process converts glucose into energy in the absence of oxygen?
- A) Aerobic respiration
- B) Anaerobic respiration
- C) Photosynthesis
- D) Fermentation
- Answer: B) Anaerobic respiration
24. What is the name of the process by which green plants make their own food?
- A) Respiration
- B) Photosynthesis
- C) Fermentation
- D) Digestion
- Answer: B) Photosynthesis
25. Which structure is responsible for maintaining the cell's shape and rigidity?
- A) Cell membrane
- B) Cytoplasm
- C) Cell wall
- D) Nucleus
- Answer: C) Cell wall
26. Which organ in the human body produces insulin?
- A) Liver
- B) Pancreas
- C) Stomach
- D) Kidney
- Answer: B) Pancreas
27. What is the term for the division of the cytoplasm during cell division?
- A) Mitosis
- B) Cytokinesis
- C) Meiosis
- D) Karyokinesis
- Answer: B) Cytokinesis
28. Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?
- A) Sucrose
- B) Lactose
- C) Glucose
- D) Starch
- Answer: C) Glucose
29. What is the name of the process by which cells convert glucose into ATP?
- A) Photosynthesis
- B) Cellular Respiration
- C) Fermentation
- D) Transcription
- Answer: B) Cellular Respiration
30. Which cell organelle is involved in the synthesis of lipids and steroids?
- A) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
- B) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- C) Golgi Apparatus
- D) Ribosome
- Answer: B) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
31. In which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?
- A) Prophase I
- B) Metaphase I
- C) Anaphase I
- D) Telophase I
- Answer: A) Prophase I
32. What is the term for the sum of all biochemical reactions occurring within an organism?
- A) Metabolism
- B) Photosynthesis
- C) Respiration
- D) Digestion
- Answer: A) Metabolism
33. Which of the following is not a nitrogenous base in DNA?
- A) Adenine
- B) Cytosine
- C) Thymine
- D) Uracil
- Answer: D) Uracil
34. What is the process by which mRNA is translated into a protein?
- A) Replication
- B) Transcription
- C) Translation
- D) Mutation
- Answer: C) Translation
35. Which plant hormone is responsible for cell elongation?
- A) Auxin
- B) Gibberellin
- C) Cytokinin
- D) Abscisic Acid
- Answer: A) Auxin
36. What is the term for a group of similar cells that perform a specific function?
- A) Tissue
- B) Organ
- C) System
- D) Organism
- Answer: A) Tissue
37. Which structure is known as the "control center" of the cell?
- A) Mitochondria
- B) Nucleus
- C) Ribosome
- D) Golgi Apparatus
- Answer: B) Nucleus
38. Which of the following processes is involved in asexual reproduction?
- A) Binary Fission
- B) Pollination
- C) Fertilization
- D) Meiosis
- Answer: A) Binary Fission
39. Which type of plant tissue is responsible for photosynthesis?
- A) Xylem
- B) Phloem
- C) Parenchyma
- D) Sclerenchyma
- Answer: C) Parenchyma
40. What is the term for the movement of substances against their concentration gradient?
- A) Diffusion
- B) Osmosis
- C) Active Transport
- D) Facilitated Diffusion
- Answer: C) Active Transport
41. Which cellular structure is involved in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA?
- A) Nucleus
- B) Nucleolus
- C) Ribosome
- D) Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Answer: B) Nucleolus
42. What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?
- A) Cellular Respiration
- B) Photosynthesis
- C) Protein Synthesis
- D) Storage of Nutrients
- Answer: B) Photosynthesis
43. What is the primary function of the phloem in plants?
- A) Transport of water
- B) Transport of nutrients
- C) Transport of sugars
- D) Photosynthesis
- Answer: C) Transport of sugars
44. Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary and found in the walls of internal organs?
- A) Skeletal Muscle
- B) Cardiac Muscle
- C) Smooth Muscle
- D) Striated Muscle
- Answer: C) Smooth Muscle
45. What is the term for the fusion of male and female gametes?
- A) Mitosis
- B) Fertilization
- C) Binary Fission
- D) Budding
- Answer: B) Fertilization
46. Which of the following is an example of a prokaryotic organism?
- A) Yeast
- B) Paramecium
- C) E. coli
- D) Mushroom
- Answer: C) E. coli
47. What is the primary function of the mitochondria in the cell?
- A) Protein Synthesis
- B) ATP Production
- C) Photosynthesis
- D) Cell Division
- Answer: B) ATP Production
48. Which component of the cell membrane is responsible for its fluidity?
- A) Phospholipids
- B) Cholesterol
- C) Proteins
- D) Carbohydrates
- Answer: B) Cholesterol
49. What type of cell division results in four non-identical daughter cells?
- A) Mitosis
- B) Meiosis
- C) Binary Fission
- D) Budding
- Answer: B) Meiosis
50. Which of the following is a characteristic of all living organisms?
- A) Ability to move
- B) Ability to reproduce
- C) Ability to think
- D) Ability to grow
- Answer: B) Ability to reproduce
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