The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic empire based in Delhi that ruled large parts of the Indian subcontinent from 1206 to 1526 CE. Its history is divided into five principal dynasties:
Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty (1206–1290)
Founded by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, a former slave general of Muhammad Ghori, the Mamluks established the Sultanate after the Ghurid Empire fragmented. It was the first Muslim kingdom in northern India.
Khilji Dynasty (1290–1320)
Known for military expansion deep into South India and significant economic reforms, Alauddin Khilji was the most prominent ruler of this dynasty.
Tughlaq Dynasty (1320–1413)
Notable for ambitious rulers like Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Firoz Shah Tughlaq, the dynasty expanded the Sultanate to its greatest territorial extent but faced revolts and decline later.
Sayyid Dynasty (1414–1451)
A relatively weaker dynasty that ruled during a period of fragmentation and loss of central authority.
Lodi Dynasty (1451–1526)
The last dynasty of the Sultanate, of Pashtun origin, ended with the conquest by Babur in the First Battle of Panipat, leading to the establishment of the Mughal Empire.
The Delhi Sultanate played a crucial role in shaping medieval Indian history, laying foundations for the spread of Islam in South Asia, introducing Persian culture and governance, and influencing architecture, administration, and society
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